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Introduction
I present this first hand account by my maternal grandfather, Private Albert Money (5537), of the King's Royal Rifles Corp. Photo taken November 1917 after spending several years in Australian Hospitals, recuperating from his wounds.
Albert was a younger son of a Northampton shire farming family (in England). With no prospects of inheriting the farm, Albert joined the pre-war King's Royal Rifle Corp with the intention of becoming a professional soldier in a Regiment known for its overseas activities; an understandable course of action for a young man eager to experience the world.
The King's Royal Rifles Regiment was known for its overseas activities, having been raised in the American colonies in 1756 as the 62nd (Royal American) Regiment. Their raison d'etre was to defend the British colonies against the French and their allies.
Albert was discharged from the King's Royal Rifles in 1912 after a number of overseas tours, including one in the West Indies. Following his discharge he emigrated to Australia and obtained employment with Queensland Rail as a Bridge-Wright in which he was able to practice his wood-working/carpentry skills as part of a crew building hard-wood bridges. He is known to have worked on the rail bridge at Bald Hills, on Brisbane's northern outskirts.
When the Great War started in 1914, Albert decided to answer the call to arms and return to England to re-enlist with his old Regiment. He obtained passage on a troop ship taking Australian soldiers to Britain. Within a year, the events told below would unfold.
Before Pvt. Money's account is a brief historical outline to place his story into perspective.
Historical Outline
The Battle of Aubers Ridge (also known as The Second Battle of Artois) took place near Lille in the Artois region of North-East France. In command of the Allied forces was General Sir Douglas Haig.
Haig's strategy in this action was to launch two attacks in a pincer movement, to the north and south of Neuve Chapelle, with the intention of linking up and encircling the German positions.
The British launched their infantry attack on the morning of 9th May 1915 after a 35 minute artillery bombardment. The Germans were however well-prepared for this second attack (the first had been two months earlier). Their reinforced positions and heightened state of readiness meant the British offensive would capture no territory, while losing over 10,000 men. The survivors, including Albert Money, were trapped in a muddy, bloody quagmire of a no mans land for many hours.
Haig had ordered an artillery bombardment to soften the German positions, but with preparations for the second Battle of Ypres in progress to the North, much of the artillery support was committed there, leaving the Aubers Ridge action relatively unsupported.
With no real progress made, Haig ordered an end to the offensive on the morning of the 10th May.
It is inconcevable by 21st Century standards that the planners of this disastrous action would not face criminal charges, but by the standards of the day, these losses were considered acceptable if regretable. This may be inferred by the the British not changing their tactics significantly as a result of on-going heavy losses.
Private Albert Money's Tale
"Take it all around from the end of January (1915) until the 10th March, there was nothing doing all along the line down our way. The Germans thought it (the attack) was coming on the 1st. We were in in Richeborough St. Vaust close to Neuve Chapelle, all was very quiet. You would think there was not a hun within miles, but one of our planes went round within 800 yards, low down, and the Huns had a go at it with rifles and machine guns. There must have been a thousand of them, that was a good way to find out, they gave themselves away well.
"We left there and went back for a rest of sixteen days, marched fourteen miles but singing all the way made it easy and (so did) the rest at the other end. First day sleep; second, clean your clothes with petrol and scrub your equipment; next day, nine hours parade and then there was some grumbling. I myself went and got innoculated for fever, forty-eight hours excused duty but next day orders came out. We had to go back, did not know what for, marched back ten miles, camped in the open. There were billets, but I and my mate preferred the open with waterproof sheets. Too many rats in the barn, some lost their next day's rations, that was was on the 6th March.
"On the 7th at night we started off to the trenches, we knew we were going to make a charge along a good bit of the line on the morning of 8th. It was raining on the night of the 7th so it was cancelled for 24 hours. That was a big mistake, they let us have a look at the map to see what we were going to do. We got up (to the front line) alright on the night of the 8th, it was very cold, they gave us a good dose of rum in the morning around 5:00am. I gave my mate mine, he was shaking but not with fear, he was a brave fellow but that was his second time out, he went through all the battle of Mons and the Aisne and Marne and at Ypres.
"We had a fine Captain, Hesseltine, that was his second time (tour of duty), but he said to us, "We are going into this charge so we will do the best we can." None of that silly talk, we must do this and do that, he spoke like a man, they all said they would follow him to the last man and I believe them too.
"The poor old Northamptons (regiment) were in the firing line and we were reinforcements. The bombardment started at 5:00am, steady for half an hour and 10 minutes (actually 35 minutes) as hard as they could go, about five to seven hundred guns going off, all sorts.
"Just at half past five the Northamptons had to leave their trenches and get up to the Germans under the ten minutes, heavy bombardment, as soon as they left we had to rush across the open and take them over (occupy the front line while the Northamptons charged). The Germans were pouring shrapnel between the reserve trenches and the firing line. We could see the northamptons going over the open in good order, through the smoke. It was simply raining lead, what with shells and machine guns, they had to get over a bit of a river, three or four yards wide and ten feet deep, nearly full of barbed wire.
"Our engineers put small bridges over the night before, just room for one man to run over and they were made of new timber, a good target and playing on them with machine guns, not much chance to get over. Some got across and some tried to jump across the water. If you got in it, then ten to one (betting odds) yo would never get out, no chance at all if you were wounded. That is where a lot of the missing of the Northamptons are, poor fellows.
"We started over (began our charge) to reinforce them when they got half way, no time to see who was dropping. I saw two of my section get hit, I got about 250 yards when I got hit, there was a young lad of about seveteen of my section, we had been telling him what to do if he were hit, if there was no shell hole or cover, to keep still all day in the open because if you move you stop one (a bullet) he said he would. He was about twenty yards in front of me, he got over a small ditch about ten yards. I saw him spin around and he smiled back at me. I was going to tell him to roll over to the ditch as I ran past but just then I stopped one through the hip but had sense enough not to stop, the ditch was only eight yards in front. I got there and stayed, had a look to see how the wound was, cut all my equipment off and had a rest. The ditch was fall of wounded and dead.
"My leg was dead, could not move it, fellow nearly blind with blood got my waterproof off to cover me up with and then the order came along to tell the Northamptons and the King's Royal Rifles to get back the best way they could. Couldn't take the position and no more reinforcements.
"They were coming back one at a time, those wounded in the ditch where I was all started back, crowding over me so I was left with the dead. The ditch was very narrow and only two feet deep and I was lying the wrong way around to get out. Tried to turn around but no hope, put the waterproof sheet over me and had another rest.
"I knew it was no use staying there if they (the Germans) made a counter charge so had another try and got around and pulled myself along the ditch hand over hand and into the one with water; had a rest every ten or fifteen yards. Got out once but could not get the leg out hanging over the side, but the Germans saw me and the bullets started spitting all around, so just rolled in again.
"I got up to our wire entanglement and there was a great shell hole so could get no nearer. One of the Black Watch (The Royal Highland Regiment) had been watching me coming along, he called over to me and asked if I could get any nearer. I said "No", and he said "Right, I will come and get you over the top.". He came, got in the shell hole and pulled me over his back and up to the parapet and dumped me on the top and some others pulled me over, no time for gentle handling. Then he went over again and brought in another, he went over himself then went under fire again in the open and went to some of the dead and got four (waterproof) sheets, overcoats and waterbottles and fixed the two of us up. I will never forget (his bravery and kindness). The last I saw of him he said "I am going in this next charge." I wished him luck, but before he went I know for a fact he went back and brought four more fellows who were wounded. I am sorry I did not ask his name.
"I stayed behind the breastworks eighteen hours, did not see any stretcher bearer all that time, shell was falling all around, simply poughing the ground up, all kinds of them. My head had (a covering of) an inch of mud by the time I was picked up. I was propping the waterproof sheet up to keep the dirt off, and moving my head out of the way of the bigger pieces (of flying mud).
"A doctor came around at night and injected two lots of morphia into me, I was picked up at last and taken to the dressing station. Stayed there some time. The cars came and took me to Bethune. No. 5 would not keep us there, went to Choutz. They operated on me as soon as I got there. I was not so bad, inoculated for fever, three or four injections of morphia, operation, wounded, inoculated for lockjaw (tetanus) in three days, but there are plenty worse than me, I consider myself lucky. Out of my section that morning the sergeant and twelve men started, six were killed and the other six wounded.
Those who cannot learn from history are doomed to repeat it
It may well be that the experiences and sacrifice of the First World War contributed to a narrow escape from nuclear holocaust in October 1962, with the culmination of Cuban Missile Crisis. The U.S. President, John F. Kennedy, a student of history, had been reading about the First World War and in particular why it had been so wilfully wasteful of life. He learned that the technology for waging war had advanced (machine guns etc) while the mind-set of the generals like Haig and his equivalents on the German, Austrian and French sides, had stayed in the past when a bayonet charge against an entrenched enemy might have succeeded in delivering a decisive victory. Artillery bombardment was supposed to nuetralise these machine gun posts, but often this artillery was quite ineffective at achieving even partial neutralisation of an enemy's defences, as was the case at Aubers Ridge.
Kennedy saw a parallel with machine guns in the First World War and nuclear weapons in the Second. His own generals and those on the Soviet side were still apparently in a pre-nuclear mind-set. The generals were determined to go for a decisive first strike with the most powerful weapons at their disposal. The American generals perceived the new young president as potentially weak, as did the Soviet leader Khrushchev which led him to undertake the provaocative Cuban Crisis.
The generals appeared ready to launch an all-out nuclear war despite the prospect of mutually assured destruction. But Kennedy prevailed, and while he is often credited with having been the saviour of this situation, there is little doubt that there were those on the Soviet side working behind the scenes who also worked to avert disaster.
It was a defining moment in history, and an illustration of George Santayana's proverb "those who cannot learn from history are doomed to repeat it". Perhaps the sacrifice of these First World War soldiers was not entirely futile.
The battle field in modern times with old German bunker:
I am indebted to Geoff Bridger for additional material that clarify the events below and puts them into proper historical context. His book Neuve Chapelle is recommended.
Albert's account suggests he took part in the Battle of Neuve Chappelle in March 1915, whereas in fact his account shows he took part in the second battle at Nueve Chapelle in May 1915 (otherwise known as the Battle of Aubers Ridge). The two battles took place over the same ground near Neuve Chappelle. It is perhaps understandable that in the fog of war, the dates might be confused.
Glossary of WW1 Slang
The soldiers of the Great War developed a colorful set of slang words to describe the world in which they found themselves. The glossary was developed by Paul Hinckley.
Albert Money survived the war, opting to repatriate to sunny Australia after leaving the Army. He was re-employed by Queensland Rail as a carpenter in the carriage-making workshops at the Redbank Plains depot. The iron leg-brace he was obliged to wear for the rest of his life made it impossible to resume his former occupation of bridge builder.
I knew him as a kind, good-humoured man with whom I would spend my Sunday's as a small child in the 1960's. I recall good times in the workshop as he showed me how to use his carpentry tools. Though he died suddenly of a heart attack when I was only eight, in 1964, he made a great impression on me. He was someone I wanted to be like. When I read of the horrors that he suffered, and see how he managed to make a good life after the war I am filled with admiration.
David Tuffley
March 12, 2008.