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Default Environment Set by Shells...

Find out what environment a shell defines by default...
    env - {shell} -c '/usr/bin/env'

Sh:    ---no extra environment defines---
Ksh:   PWD _

Csh:   PWD USER

Tcsh:  PWD USER SHLVL LOGNAME GROUP VENDOR REMOTEHOST
         HOST HOSTTYPE OSTYPE MACHTYPE

Zsh:   PWD HOME LOGNAME SHLVL OLDPWD _

Bash:  PWD SHELL SHLVL HOSTNAME  MACHTYPE OSTYPE OLDPWD _

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Environment handling by shells

Bourne shell just marks variables as being exported or not exported.

Changing an exported variable also changes the value being exported.

However if you change a variable that has NOT been marked for export IN
THAT SHELL, a local copy is maintained and used and the change is not
exported (the original export variable is). The 'set' command only lists
variables that have been 'set' within the current shell, not the imported
environment variables. IE it will show a changed environment variable.

Csh maintains two completely separate lists of variables for local and
environmental purposes. The local variable list overrides the environmental
when there is a clash. A few variables (like path) are linked to their
environmental counterparts (ie, PATH).

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Inherited functions...

See "functions.txt" and  "shell_shock.txt"

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Listing Variables

  set            # lists all variables and functions
  env            # exported environment variables
  bash -c 'set -o posix; set'   # lists non-exported environment


  typeset        # lists non exported environment variables and functions
                 # in a form that can be executed by the shell
                 # (builtin inherited from zsh)

  typeset -a     # list arrays (as shell definitions
  typeset -A     # list associative arrays
  typeset -f     # functions
  typeset -x     # exported
  typeset -p | grep -a '^declare -- '    # unexported settings

         ........

Seperate "env" output better (as it can be multi-line!)
  env -0 | perl -0pe 's/\0$/\n---\n/g'

Grep with multi-line handling...
  env -0 | grep -z ^BASH_FUNC | tr '\0' '\012'
  env -0 | grep -z ^BASH_FUNC | perl -0pe 's/\0$/\n#---\n/'


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Add a PATH component (before or after)
(can be used for MANPATH or LD_LIBRARY_PATH too)

  # function:  addpath {bin_path} ['after']
  addpath () {
    case ":${PATH}:" in
        *:"$1":*)
            : path component present - abort ;;
        *)
            if [ "$2" = "after" ];
            then PATH="$PATH:$1"
            else PATH="$1:$PATH"
            fi
    esac
  }

Remove PATH component (bash)

    LD_LIBRARY_PATH=`echo "$LD_LIBRARY_PATH" |
            sed 's|/opt/SUNWdxlib/[^:]*||g; s|:::*|:|g; s|^:||; s|:$||;'`
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
    echo "LD_LIBRARY_PATH = $LD_LIBRARY_PATH"

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